This document offers evidence-based recommendations on the provision of adherence support for individuals prescribed antiretroviral therapy. We advocate that these recommendations form the basis of a written adherence strategy to be evolved within every UK treatment centre, and that every antiretroviral prescription should include consideration of how adherence is monitored and supported.

Given the limited knowledge base in this area, we have identified the following key questions for future research:

1. Which antiretroviral therapy adherence interventions have a sustainable effect?

2. Which interventions are easiest to implement within UK settings?

3. Which interventions positively influence the cost-effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy?